Effect of Breastfeeding Technique Education on Breastfeeding Success Among Primiparous Postpartum Mothers in Magetan
Abstract
Exclusive breastfeeding rates in Indonesia remain below national and global targets, with a substantial proportion of postpartum mothers experiencing breastfeeding difficulties, particularly among primiparous women. Inadequate breastfeeding technique is a major contributing factor, often resulting from limited experience, insufficient education, and lack of hands-on guidance during the early postpartum period. These challenges may compromise breastfeeding success, maternal confidence, and infant nutrition outcomes. This study aimed to examine the effect of structured breastfeeding technique education on breastfeeding success among primiparous postpartum mothers. A quantitative pre-experimental study with a onegroup pretest–posttest design was conducted at RSUD dr. Sayidiman Magetan. Forty primiparous postpartum mothers were
recruited using non-probability sampling based on predefined inclusion criteria. The intervention consisted of structured breastfeeding technique education delivered by trained midwives through direct explanation, visual leaflets, practical demonstrations, and interactive discussion sessions. Breastfeeding success was assessed before and after the intervention using the LATCH scoring system, which evaluates latch, audible swallowing, nipple type, maternal comfort, and infant positioning. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. The results demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in breastfeeding success following the educational intervention (Z = −5.35, p < 0.005), with a large effect size (r = 0.85). Prior
to education, 75% of mothers were classified in the “not successful” category, while none achieved a “good” score. After the intervention, 70% of participants attained good breastfeeding success, and the proportion of mothers with inadequate scores decreased to 2.5%. Improvements were consistently observed across all LATCH components. In conclusion, structured breastfeeding technique education significantly enhances breastfeeding success among primiparous postpartum mothers. Integrating systematic, hands-on breastfeeding education into routine postnatal care is strongly recommended to promote effective breastfeeding practices and support exclusive breastfeeding goals.
Full text article
References
[1] World Health Organization, Infant and Young Child Feeding, Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, 2023.
[2] UNICEF, Breastfeeding Advocacy Strategy 2023–2030, New York, NY, USA: UNICEF, 2023.
[3] Ministry of Health of Indonesia, Indonesia Health Profile 2022, Jakarta, Indonesia, 2023.
[4] Ministry of Health of Indonesia, National Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding, Jakarta, Indonesia, 2022.
[5] C. Tomori et al., “What works to protect, promote and support breastfeeding on a large scale,” Maternal & Child Nutrition, vol. 18, suppl. 3, p. e13344, 2022.
[6] J. Kehinde, C. O’Donnell, and A. Grealish, “Effectiveness of breastfeeding education: A systematic review,” Midwifery, vol. 118, p. 103579, 2023.
[7] A. M. Rohini, S. Elavally, and G. Saradakutty, “Effectiveness of breastfeeding education compared to standard information,” J. Educ. Health Promot., vol. 11, p. 125, 2022.
[8] D. A. Ningsih, L. Fitria, and T. E. Rahayu, “Overcoming breastfeeding barriers,” Amalee Indones. J. Community Res., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 243–251, 2024.
[9] R. F. Wahyuningsih and C. S. Pratiwi, “Use of LATCH score to predict breastfeeding success,” J. Health, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 353–360, 2022.
[10] T. Wahyuni, S. N. Titin, and M. Jeckline, “LATCH score and breastfeeding effectiveness,” J. Nurs. Res., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 101–108, 2023.
[11] Astuti and T. Anggarawati, “Breastfeeding technique education among primiparous mothers,” Indones. J. Nurs. Res., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 26–34, 2021.
[12] N. Saadah et al., “Effect of breastfeeding technique education on breastfeeding success,” Int. J. Adv. Health Sci. Technol., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2025.
[13] F. Rifdi, “Correct breastfeeding technique and lactation success,” J. Midwifery, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 207–212, 2020.
[14] R. Munir and F. Lestari, “Education on correct breastfeeding techniques,” J. Abdi Mahosada, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 28–34, 2023.
[15] Amir et al., “Leaflet-based breastfeeding education,” J. Nutrition, vol. 27, pp. 45–52, 2020.
[16] Fatmala, “Health promotion and breastfeeding behavior,” Promotor, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 241–250, 2022.
[17] Buraini, “Health education and maternal knowledge,” J. Promosi Kesehatan Indones., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 62–74, 2023.
[18] S. Özdemir et al., “Effect of professional support on breastfeeding,” BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2025.
[19] D. Retnowati, “Breastfeeding education in postpartum mothers,” Bachelor thesis, 2019.
[20] T. Ahmed, “Sampling technique and sample size,” Oral Oncology Reports, vol. 12, p. 100662, 2024.
[21] C. J. Grant et al., “Patient and family involvement in care,” Crit. Care Nurs. Clin., vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 227–242, 2020.
[22] L. Oktaviyana, “Education on proper breastfeeding techniques,” J. Kebidanan, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 88–96, 2025.
[23] K. D. Purnamasari, “Effect of lactation counseling,” J. Kesehatan Ibu Anak, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 15–22, 2025.
[24] H. Hasriantirisna, “Structured health education and EBF,” Public Health J., vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 201–209, 2023.
[25] C. J. Grant et al., “Family-centered care and outcomes,” Future of Children, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 155–176, 2020.
[26] S. Sastroasmoro and S. Ismael, Dasar-dasar Metodologi Penelitian Klinis, 6th ed., Jakarta, Indonesia: Sagung Seto, 2020.
[27] J. W. Creswell and J. D. Creswell, Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches,5th ed., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA: Sage, 2021.
[28] T. Ahmed, “How to choose a sampling technique and determine sample size for research,” Oral Oncology Reports, vol. 12, p. 100662, 2024.
[29] R. F. Wahyuningsih and C. S. Pratiwi, “Use of LATCH score to predict exclusive breastfeeding success,” Journal of Health, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 353–360, 2022.
[30] T. Wahyuni, S. N. Titin, and M. Jeckline, “LATCH score as an indicator of breastfeeding effectiveness,” Journal of Nursing Research, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 101–108, 2023.
[31] J. Kehinde, C. O’Donnell, and A. Grealish, “Effectiveness of breastfeeding education on breastfeeding outcomes,” Midwifery, vol. 118, p. 103579, 2023.
[32] A. M. Rohini, S. Elavally, and G. Saradakutty, “Reliability of breastfeeding assessment tools in clinical practice,” Journal of Education and Health Promotion, vol. 11, p. 125, 2022.
[33] D. Lakens, “Calculating and reporting effect sizes,” Journal of Open Psychology Data, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1–12, 2020.
[34] S. Azka, “Physiological mechanisms of breastfeeding and milk production,” Journal of Maternal Health, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 85–92, 2021.
[35] D. A. Ningsih, L. Fitria, and T. E. Rahayu, “Barriers to effective breastfeeding among primiparous mothers,” Amalee Indones. J. Community Res. Engagem., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 243–251, 2024.
[36] Fatmala, “Health behavior theory in maternal health promotion,” Promotor, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 241–250, 2022.
[37] A. M. Rohini, S. Elavally, and G. Saradakutty, “Effectiveness of breastfeeding education: A systematic review,” J. Educ. Health Promot., vol. 11, p. 125, 2022.
[38] C. Tomori et al., “Large-scale breastfeeding promotion strategies,” Maternal & Child Nutrition, vol. 18, suppl. 3, p. e13344, 2022.
[39] J. Kehinde, C. O’Donnell, and A. Grealish, “Impact of structured breastfeeding education on maternal outcomes,” Midwifery, vol. 118, p. 103579, 2023.
[40] R. F. Wahyuningsih and C. S. Pratiwi, “LATCH score as a predictor of breastfeeding success,” Journal of Health, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 353–360, 2022.
[41] S. Özdemir et al., “Digital breastfeeding education and maternal outcomes,” BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2025.
[42] A. Kartini, “Sustainability of breastfeeding education outcomes,” Public Health Journal, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 33–41, 2024.
[43] T. Wahyuni, S. N. Titin, and M. Jeckline, “Reliability of LATCH scoring in clinical practice,” Journal of Nursing Research, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 101–108, 2023.
[44] C. J. Grant et al., “Family-centered and institutional support in maternal care,” Critical Care Nursing Clinics, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 227–242, 2020.
[45] A. M. Rohini et al., “Community-based breastfeeding support models,” Journal of Maternal and Child Health, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 201–210, 2024.
Authors
Copyright (c) 2025 Nunung Devi M, Nurlailis Saadah, Astuti Setiyani, Budi Joko Santosa
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlikel 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).