All articles in this issue include authors from universities in Indonesia (Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia, StiKes Insan Cendekia Medika Jombang, Jombang, Indonesia; Poltekkes Kemenkes Kendari, Kendari, Indonesia;  ), and two Universities from overseas (Department of Biomedical Science, Dubai Medical College for girls, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; Department of General Studies, College of Agriculture and Animal Science Wurno, Sokoto, Nigeria)