The International Journal of Advanced Health Science and Technology (IJAHST) refers to the COPE's Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors in regards to publication ethics and malpractice statement. The statement clarifies ethical behaviour of all parties involved in the act of publishing an article in this journal, including the editor-in-chief, the peer reviewers, the associate editors, authors and the publisher.

Ethical Guidelines for Journal Publication

The publication of an article in the peer-reviewed journal, The International Journal of Advanced Health Science and Technology (IJAHST) is an essential building block in the development of a coherent and respected network of knowledge. It is a direct reflection of the quality of the work of the authors and the institutions that support them. Peer-reviewed articles support and embody the scientific method. It is therefore important to agree upon standards of expected ethical behavior for all parties involved in the act of publishing: the author, the journal editor, the peer reviewer, the publisher and the society. 

Forum Ilmiah Teknologi dan Ilmu Kesehatan (FORITIKES)  as publisher of The International Journal of Advanced Health Science and Technology (IJAHST) takes its duties of guardianship over all stages of publishing extremely seriously and we recognize our ethical and other responsibilities. We are committed to ensuring that advertising, reprint or other commercial revenue has no impact or influence on editorial decisions.

Publication decisions

The editor of The International Journal of Advanced Health Science and Technology (IJAHST) is responsible for deciding which of the articles submitted to the journal should be published. The validation of the work in question and its importance to researchers and readers must always drive such decisions. The editors may be guided by the policies of the journal's editorial board and constrained by such legal requirements as shall then be in force regarding libel, copyright infringement and plagiarism. The editors may confer with other editors or reviewers in making this decision.

Fair play

An editor at any time evaluates manuscripts for their intellectual content without regard to race, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief, ethnic origin, citizenship, or political philosophy of the authors.

Confidentiality

The editor and any editorial staff must not disclose any information about a submitted manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, other editorial advisers, and the publisher, as appropriate.

Disclosure and conflicts of interest

Unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted manuscript must not be used in an editor's own research without the express written consent of the author.

Duties of Reviewers

Contribution to Editorial Decisions

Peer review assists the editor in making editorial decisions and through the editorial communications with the author may also assist the author in improving the paper.

Promptness

Any selected referee who feels unqualified to review the research reported in a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.

Confidentiality

Any manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents. They must not be shown to or discussed with others except as authorized by the editor.

Standards of Objectivity

Reviews should be conducted objectively. Personal criticism of the author is inappropriate. Referees should express their views clearly with supporting arguments.

Acknowledgement of Sources

Reviewers should identify relevant published work that has not been cited by the authors. Any statement that an observation, derivation, or argument had been previously reported should be accompanied by the relevant citation. A reviewer should also call to the editor's attention any substantial similarity or overlap between the manuscript under consideration and any other published paper of which they have personal knowledge.

Disclosure and Conflict of Interest

Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage. Reviewers should not consider manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions connected to the papers.

Duties of Authors

Reporting standards

Authors of reports of original research should present an accurate account of the work performed as well as an objective discussion of its significance. Underlying data should be represented accurately in the paper. A paper should contain sufficient detail and references to permit others to replicate the work. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements constitute unethical behaviour and are unacceptable.

Data Access and Retention

Authors are asked to provide the raw data in connection with a paper for editorial review, and should be prepared to provide public access to such data.

Originality and Plagiarism

The authors should ensure that they have written entirely original works, and if the authors have used the work and/or words of others that this has been appropriately cited or quoted.

Multiple, Redundant or Concurrent Publication

An author should not in general publish manuscripts describing essentially the same research in more than one journal or primary publication. Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal concurrently constitutes unethical publishing behaviour and is unacceptable.

Acknowledgement of Sources

Proper acknowledgment of the work of others must always be given. Authors should cite publications that have been influential in determining the nature of the reported work.

Authorship of the Paper

Authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the reported study. All those who have made significant contributions should be listed as co-authors. Where there are others who have participated in certain substantive aspects of the research project, they should be acknowledged or listed as contributors. The corresponding author should ensure that all appropriate co-authors and no inappropriate co-authors are included on the paper, and that all co-authors have seen and approved the final version of the paper and have agreed to its submission for publication.

Hazards and Human or Animal Subjects

If the work involves chemicals, procedures or equipment that have any unusual hazards inherent in their use, the author must clearly identify these in the manuscript.

Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest

All authors should disclose in their manuscript any financial or other substantive conflict of interest that might be construed to influence the results or interpretation of their manuscript. All sources of financial support for the project should be disclosed.

Fundamental errors in published works

When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published work, it is the author's obligation to promptly notify the journal editor or publisher and cooperate with the editor to retract or correct the paper.

 

II. Editorial Policy

This policy describes guidelines in the publication process of the Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics, JEEEMI. Specifically, JEEEMI adopts and strives to adhere to the following standards and requirements:

COPE - Committee on Publication Ethics

STM - International Association of Scientific, Technical & Medical Publishers

WAME – World Association of Medical Editors

A. Authorship Criteria and Author Contributions Policy

1. Authorship Criteria
The journal adopts internationally recognized standards for authorship and publication ethics, following the principles recommended by Elsevier and the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). Authorship must be limited to individuals who have made substantial intellectual contributions to the research and manuscript preparation. All individuals listed as authors must meet the following four criteria:

a. Substantial Contribution: Significant contributions to the conception or design of the research, acquisition of data, analysis, or interpretation of research findings.
b. Manuscript Preparation: Active involvement in drafting the manuscript or critically revising it for important intellectual content.
c. Final Approval: Review and approval of the final version of the manuscript before submission and publication.
d. Accountability: Agreement to take responsibility for the integrity and accuracy of the research and to ensure that questions concerning any aspect of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
e. All four criteria must be fulfilled to qualify for authorship. Individuals who contribute to the research but do not meet these criteria should be acknowledged in the Acknowledgments section.

2. Author Contributions (CRediT Taxonomy)
The journal encourages transparent reporting of individual author contributions using the Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT), consistent with the practices promoted by Elsevier. Authors should identify their respective contributions using the following categories:

a. Conceptualization: Development of research ideas, objectives, and overarching research goals.
b. Methodology: Development or design of research methods, models, and procedures.
c. Software: Programming, software development, implementation, and testing of computational models.
d. Validation: Verification of experimental results, analytical methods, and research reproducibility.
e. Formal Analysis: Application of statistical, mathematical, computational, or other analytical techniques.
f. Investigation: Conducting experiments, data collection, and research activities.
g. Resources: Provision of research materials, instruments, laboratory facilities, datasets, or other resources.
h. Data Curation: Management, annotation, organization, and preservation of research data.
i. Writing – Original Draft: Preparation and writing of the initial manuscript.
j. Writing – Review & Editing: Critical review, revision, and improvement of the manuscript.
k. Visualization: Preparation of figures, diagrams, graphs, tables, and other visual materials.
l. Supervision: Scientific supervision, research guidance, and oversight of research activities.
m. Project Administration: Coordination and management of research activities.
n. Funding Acquisition: Acquisition of financial support for the research project.
Each author may perform multiple roles. The corresponding author must ensure that the contribution statement accurately represents the work performed by each author and has been approved by all co-authors. CRediT roles describe individual contributions but do not independently determine eligibility for authorship.

3. Responsibilities of the Corresponding Author
The corresponding author is responsible for managing communication between the journal and all co-authors throughout the submission, peer-review, and publication processes. The corresponding author must ensure that:

a. All listed authors meet the established authorship criteria.
b. No eligible contributor has been excluded from the author list.
c. All authors have reviewed and approved the submitted manuscript.
d. All authors agree with the author order and their declared contributions.
e. The manuscript complies with research integrity and publication ethics requirements.
f. Relevant declarations, including conflicts of interest, funding, research ethics approval, and data availability, are g. accurately reported.
h. All authors are informed of editorial decisions, requested revisions, and publication-related communications.
i. All authors approve substantive revisions and the final manuscript before publication.
4. Authorship Order
The order of authors must be determined through mutual agreement among all authors based on their respective intellectual and scientific contributions. The first author generally represents the individual who has made a major contribution to the research and manuscript preparation. The corresponding author is responsible for communication with the journal. The journal does not prescribe authorship order based solely on academic rank, employment position, institutional affiliation, or seniority. All authors must approve the final authorship order before manuscript submission.

5. Changes in Authorship
Authors are expected to determine the complete author list and authorship order before submitting their manuscript. Requests to add, remove, or rearrange authors after submission will be considered only under exceptional circumstances and before manuscript acceptance. Any proposed authorship change must be submitted to the Editor-in-Chief by the corresponding author and must include:

a. A clear explanation and justification for the requested change.
b. Written confirmation of agreement from all existing authors.
c. Written confirmation from any author being added or removed.
d. An updated author contribution statement, when applicable.
The editorial office reserves the right to request supporting documentation and suspend manuscript processing until the matter is resolved. Changes in authorship are not permitted after manuscript acceptance, except for corrections required to maintain the integrity of the scholarly record and handled under the journal's formal post-publication correction policy.

6. Unacceptable Authorship Practices
The journal strictly prohibits unethical authorship practices, including:

a. Gift Authorship: Including individuals as authors who have not made qualifying intellectual contributions.
b. Guest Authorship: Listing individuals primarily because of their reputation, academic position, or influence rather c. than their actual contributions.
d. Ghost Authorship: Excluding individuals who made qualifying contributions to the manuscript or research.
e. Honorary Authorship: Granting authorship solely because of institutional authority, supervision, or professional relationships.
f. Coercive Authorship: Pressuring researchers to include individuals who do not meet authorship requirements.
g. Financial support, administrative assistance, routine technical support, general supervision, language editing, or proofreading alone does not justify authorship.

Suspected authorship misconduct may result in manuscript rejection, suspension of editorial processing, notification of relevant institutions, or appropriate post-publication action.

7. Acknowledgments
Individuals who have contributed to the research but do not satisfy all authorship criteria should be recognized in the Acknowledgments section. Such contributions may include technical assistance, administrative support, language editing, research coordination, or provision of laboratory facilities. Authors should obtain permission from individuals named in the Acknowledgments section before publication.

8. Use of Artificial Intelligence in Authorship
Artificial intelligence (AI) tools, including generative AI systems and large language models, cannot be listed as authors because they cannot assume responsibility or accountability for scientific work. Human authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy, originality, validity, and integrity of all submitted content, including material developed with AI assistance. Authors must disclose the use of generative AI tools in manuscript preparation when required by the journal's AI disclosure policy. Authors must critically evaluate and verify AI-generated content. The use of AI does not replace the authors' scientific responsibilities or qualify a tool for authorship.

9. Authorship Disputes
Any disagreement concerning authorship eligibility, contribution, or author order should initially be resolved through discussion among the authors. If the authors cannot reach an agreement, refer the issue to the relevant institution or research integrity committee. The journal may suspend manuscript evaluation or publication until the dispute has been satisfactorily resolved. The Editor-in-Chief is responsible for ensuring that the journal's editorial procedures are followed but does not independently determine the rightful ownership of authorship contributions.

10. Author Declaration
By submitting a manuscript, all authors confirm that:

a. They meet the journal's authorship criteria.
b. They have made qualifying intellectual contributions to the research.
c. They have reviewed and approved the submitted manuscript.
d. They agree with the authorship order and contribution statements.
e. They accept responsibility for the integrity and accuracy of the published work.
f. The manuscript has not been submitted simultaneously to another journal.
g. All relevant conflicts of interest and funding sources have been disclosed.
h. The manuscript complies with applicable research ethics and publication integrity standards.

B. Acknowledgement

Individuals who participated in the development of a manuscript but do not qualify as an author should be acknowledged. Organizations that provided support in terms of funding and/or other resources should also be acknowledged.

C. Changes in authorship

Whenever there is a need to make changes in the authorship of a manuscript or a published article, the changes will be implemented according to COPE specification. Only corresponding authors can make request for a change in authorship. Request should be made to the editor using the Changes in Authorship Form.

Further reading

COPE – flowcharts on Changes in Authorship

D. Submission of Manuscript

Authors should read the “Authors Guidelines” on the journal’s page before making a submission. Manuscript should be prepared according to the style and specifications of the journal’s policy. Authors listed on the manuscript should have met the requirements for Authorship specified above. Where possible, specify the contribution of each of the authors. All authors should approve the final version of the manuscript prior to submission. Once a manuscript is submitted, it is therefore assumed that all authors have read and given their approval for the submission of the manuscript. Contact information of all authors should be stated on the manuscript. Surname/Other names, affiliation, emails, and phone/fax numbers.Declaration of Conflicts of Interest should be stated in the manuscript. Submission should be made online

E. Conflict of interest

“Conflict of interest (COI) exists when there is a divergence between an individual’s private interests (competing interests) and his or her responsibilities to scientific and publishing activities such that a reasonable observer might wonder if the individual’s behavior or judgment was motivated by considerations of his or her competing interests”.
Authors should disclose all financial/relevant interest that may have influenced the development of the manuscript.
Reviewers should disclose any conflict of interest and if necessary, decline the review of any manuscript they perceive to have a conflict of interest. Editors should also decline from considering any manuscript that may have conflict of interest. Such manuscripts will be re-assigned to other editors.

Further reading

COPE - flowcharts on Conflict of Interest

STM – International Ethical Principles for Scholarly Publication

WAME - Conflict of Interest in Peer-Reviewed Medical Journals

F. Confidentiality

A submitted manuscript is a confidential material. JEEEMI will not disclose submitted manuscript to anyone except individuals who partake in the processing and preparation of the manuscript for publication (if accepted). These individuals include editorial staff, corresponding authors, potential reviewers, actual reviewers, and editors. However, in suspected cases of misconduct, a manuscript may be revealed to ethics committee and institutions/organizations that may require it for the resolution of the misconduct. JEEEMI shall follow the appropriate COPE flowcharts wherever necessary.

G. Misconduct

Misconduct constitutes violation of this editorial policy, journal policies, publication ethics, or any applicable guidelines/policies specified by COPE, WAME, and STM. Any other activities that threaten/compromise the integrity of the research/publication process are potential misconducts. Suspected cases of misconduct will be investigated according to COPE guidelines

H. Correction and retraction of articles

Corrections may be made to a published article with the authorization of the editor of the journal. Editors will decide the magnitude of the corrections. Minor corrections are made directly to the original article. However, in cases of major corrections, the original article will remain unchanged, while the corrected version will also be published. Both the original and corrected version will be linked to each other. A statement indicating the reason for the major change to the article will also be published. When necessary, retraction of articles will be done according to COPE retraction guidelines