Design of Single Lead Electrocardiography using Filter Order 3 to Reduce Noise Using Spektrum Analysis Based on Fast Fourier Transform
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35882/ijahst.v3i3.227Keywords:
Elektrocardiografi, high pass filter, low pass filter, notch filterAbstract
Electrocardiography (EKG) is a method commonly used to measure the performance of the human heart through the heart's electrical activity. To obtain the ECG signal, a lead is carried out using electrodes attached to the skin surface which are recorded in the frequency range 0.05-150Hz. The characteristics of the ECG signal consist of the PR interval, QRS complex and QT interval, from these waveforms doctors can diagnose a disease. However, to get a quality ECG signal, there are often disturbances, such as interference with the 50Hz frequency from electrical grids, respiratory movements, or it could also be caused by the ECG processing algorithm, so it is feared that an error will occur in the diagnosis. From these problems, an appropriate ECG filter is needed to reduce the error rate in generating a wave and maintain signal quality so that it can be accepted clinically. This study aims to design an ECG using a 3rd order filter. The ECG input signal is amplified by an instrument amplifier with 100-fold gain, then a filter process is carried out using a 3rd order Low pass filter to reduce noise interference and then a notch filter is used to ward off the 50Hz network frequency. The results of making a 3rd order filter are able to reduce noise and be able to detect ECG signals properly. It is hoped that this research can be used as a reference for filter design for EKG production and can be utilized in clinical use.
Downloads
References
A. M. Al-busaidi and L. Khriji, “Digitally Filtered ECG Signal Using Low-Cost Microcontroller,” Int. Conf. Control. Decis. Inf. Technol., pp. 258–263, 2013.
G. B. Moody et al., “Clinical Validation of the ECG-Derived Respiration ( EDR ) Technique Study of Cheyne-Stokes respiration in CHF,” Society, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 1–6, 1986.
A. Dupre, S. Vieau, and P. A. Iaizzo, “Basic ECG theory, 12-lead recordings and their interpretation,” Handb. Card. Anatomy, Physiol. Devices Second Ed., pp. 257–269, 2005, doi: 10.1007/978-1-60327-372-5_17.
P. S. Addison, “Wavelet transforms and the ECG: A review,” Physiol. Meas., vol. 26, no. 5, 2005, doi: 10.1088/0967-3334/26/5/R01.
H. Burri, H. Sunthorn, and D. Shah, “Simulation of anteroseptal myocardial infarction by electrocardiographic filters,” vol. 39, pp. 253–258, 2006, doi: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2005.11.001.
T. Kugelstadt, “Active Filter Design Techniques,” Op Amps Everyone, pp. 261–323, 2003, doi: 10.1016/B978-075067701-1/50019-5.
A. M. Maghfiroh et al., “State-of-the-Art Method Denoising Electrocardiogram Signal: A Review,” no. 56, pp. 301–310, 2022, doi: 10.1007/978-981-19-1804-9_24.
F. D. Johnston et al., “Report of committee on electrocardiography, American Heart Association. Recommendations for standardization of leads and of specifications for instruments in electrocardiography and vectorcardiography.,” Circulation, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 583–602, 1967, doi: 10.1161/01.cir.35.3.583.
L. Xiu and Z. Li, “Low-power instrumentation amplifier IC design for ECG system applications,” Procedia Eng., vol. 29, pp. 1533–1538, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2012.01.168.
RAHMA DIAH ZUHROINI, Dyah Titisari, Torib Hamzah, and T. K. Kho, “A Two Channels Wireless Electrocardiograph System Using Bluetooth Communication,” J. Electron. Electromed. Eng. Med. Informatics, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 134–140, 2021, doi: 10.35882/jeeemi.v3i3.3.
A. M. Maghfiroh et al., “State-of-the-Art Method to Detect R-Peak on Electrocardiogram Signal: A Review,” no. 10, pp. 321–329, 2021, doi: 10.1007/978-981-33-6926-9_27.
J. J. Segura-Juárez, D. Cuesta-Frau, L. Samblas-Pena, and M. Aboy, “A microcontroller-based portable electrocardiograph recorder,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 51, no. 9, pp. 1686–1690, 2004, doi: 10.1109/TBME.2004.827539.
A. Bansal and R. Joshi, “Portable out-of-hospital electrocardiography: A review of current technologies.,” J. arrhythmia, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 129–138, Apr. 2018, doi: 10.1002/joa3.12035.
M. Ehnesh, P. Abatis, and F. S. Schlindwein, “A portable electrocardiogram for real-time monitoring of cardiac signals,” SN Appl. Sci., vol. 2, no. 8, pp. 1–11, 2020, doi: 10.1007/s42452-020-3065-9.
Q. Chen, S. Kastratovic, M. Eid, and S. Ha, “A non-contact compact portable ecg monitoring system,” Electron., vol. 10, no. 18, pp. 1–13, 2021, doi: 10.3390/electronics10182279.
H. K. Jayant, K. P. S. Rana, V. Kumar, S. S. Nair, and P. Mishra, “Efficient IIR Notch Filter Design using Minimax Optimization for 50Hz Noise Suppression in ECG,” pp. 290–295, 2015.
M. J. Burke and D. T. Gleeson, “A micropower dryelectrode ECG preamplifier,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 47, no. 2, p. 155162, 2000.
X. Lu, M. Pan, and Y. Yu, “QRS detection based on improved adaptive threshold,” J. Healthc. Eng., vol. 2018, 2018, doi: 10.1155/2018/5694595.
M. S. Chavan, R. A. Agarwala, M. D. Uplane, and M. S. Gaikwad, “Design of ECG instrumentation and implementation of digital filter for noise reduction,” Proc. 9th WSEAS Int. Conf. Signal Process. Comput. Geom. Artif. Vision, ISCGAV ’09, no. October 2013, pp. 47–50, 2009.
L. Zeng, B. Liu, and C. H. Heng, “A Dual-Loop Eight-Channel ECG Recording System with Fast Settling Mode for 12-Lead Applications,” IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 54, no. 7, pp. 1895–1906, 2019, doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2019.2903471.
A. M. Maghfiroh, S. D. Musvika, and V. Abdullayev, “Performance Comparison of ECG Bio-Amplifier Between Single and Bi-Polar Supply Using Spectrum Analysis Based on Fast Fourier Transform,” vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 174–181, 2022.
A. M. Maghfiroh et al., “State-of-the-Art Method Denoising Electrocardiogram Signal: A Review,” Lect. Notes Electr. Eng., vol. 898, no. 56, pp. 301–310, 2022, doi: 10.1007/978-981-19-1804-9_24.
N. S. Shivakumar and M. Sasikala, “Design of vital sign monitor based on wireless sensor networks and telemedicine technology,” Proceeding IEEE Int. Conf. Green Comput. Commun. Electr. Eng. ICGCCEE 2014, no. March, 2014, doi: 10.1109/ICGCCEE.2014.6922257.
U. Oberst, “The Fast Fourier Transform,” SIAM J. Control Optim., vol. Vol. 0, No, no. January 2007, 2014, doi: 10.1137/060658242.
M. Cuimei, C. He, and Ma Long, “AN EFFICIENT DESIGN OF HIGH-ACCURACY AND LOW-COST FFT,” IET Int. Radar Conf. 2013, pp. 3–6, 2013.
A. Ghaffari, M. R. Homaeinezhad, M. Atarod, and R. Rahmani, “Detecting and quantifying T-wave alternans using the correlation method and comparison with the FFT-based method,” Comput. Cardiol., vol. 35, no. Icd, pp. 761–764, 2008, doi: 10.1109/CIC.2008.4749153.
J. K. Verma, A. Kumar, and A. K. Jaiswal, “Enhancement of ECG Signal by DFT Using Fast Fourier Transform ( FFT ) Algorithm,” Int. J. Curr. Eng. Technol., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 1781–1784, 2015.
G. D. Bergland, “A guided tour of the fast Fourier Transform,” IEEE Spectr., vol. 6, no. 7, pp. 41–52, 1969, doi: 10.1109/MSPEC.1969.5213896.
P. M. N and Q. Cerdip, “AD620N - Datasheet,” pp. 1–16, 1999.
R. Dozio and M. J. Burke, “Optimised Design of the Front-End Analogue High-Pass Filter for a Diagnostic Quality ECG Monitoring System,” pp. 1770–1773, 2009.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Anita Miftahul Maghfiroh, Singgih Yudha Setiawan, Levana Forra Wakidi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlikel 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
