Risk Analysis of NO2 and SO2 Gas Exposure for Leather Tannery Workers Industry at Magetan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35882/ijahst.v2i5.117Keywords:
Environmental Health Risk Analysis, NO2, SO2, leather tanneryAbstract
Pembakaran residu industri penyamakan kulit di area penyamakan kulit Magetan menghasilkan polutan berupa gas NO 2 dan SO 2 yang dapat membahayakan kesehatan pekerja. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis sejauh mana risiko NO2 dan SO2emisi gas buang terhadap kesehatan pekerja di area penyamakan kulit Magetan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional dan pendekatan ARKL (Environmental Health Risk Analysis). Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah teknik non-random sampling, yaitu sampel lengkap yang mencakup seluruh populasi. Pengambilan sampel udara dilakukan di area pembakaran sisa penyamakan kulit. Metode analisis data menggunakan analisis risiko untuk mengetahui karakterisasi risiko pekerja yang dianggap 'aman' bila nilai RQ bernilai 1 dan tingkat risiko disebut 'tidak aman' bila nilai RQ > 1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi NO 2 gas adalah 0,000555 g/m3 dan SO 2gas adalah 0,0006948 g/m3. Hasil pengukuran tidak melebihi NAB berdasarkan PP RI No. 22 Tahun 2021. Nilai intake tertinggi untuk gas NO 2 adalah 0,00001003 mg/kg/hari dan untuk SO2 0,00001255 mg/kg/hari. Risiko tertinggi ditemukan 0,0011721 (RQ<1) untuk NO2 dan 0,00140775 (RQ<1) untuk gas SO2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas udara terhadap parameter gas NO 2 dan SO 2 di penyamakan kulit Magetan masih aman dan memenuhi standar kualitas udara nasional dalam jangka pendek, tetapi menimbulkan risiko kesehatan yang tinggi dengan jangka waktu yang lama dan terus menerus. paparan. Saran yang dapat peneliti buat adalah himbauan penggunaan masker khusus untuk meminimalisir resiko NO 2 dan SO2 gas untuk pekerja.
Downloads
References
Peraturan Pemerintah No 22 Tahun 2021, “Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 22 Tahun 2021 tentang Penyelenggaraan Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup,” 2021. http://www.jdih.setjen.kemendagri.go.id/.
D. E. Schraufnagel et al., “Air Pollution and Noncommunicable Diseases: A Review by the Forum of International Respiratory Societies’ Environmental Committee, Part 1: The Damaging Effects of Air Pollution,” Chest, vol. 155, no. 2, pp. 409–416, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2018.10.042.
J. Bahino et al., “A pilot study of gaseous pollutants’ measurement (NO2, SO2, NH3, HNO3 and O3) in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire: Contribution to an overview of gaseous pollution in African cities,” Atmos. Chem. Phys., vol. 18, no. 7, pp. 5173–5198, 2018, doi: 10.5194/acp-18-5173-2018.
A. Mallongi, M. N. Bustan, N. Juliana, and Herawati, “Risks Assessment due to the Exposure of Copper and Nitrogen Dioxide in the Goldsmith in Malimongan Makassar,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., pp. 1–6, 2018, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1028/1/012036.
A. D. Susanto, “Air pollution and human health,” Med. J. Indones., vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 8–10, 2020, doi: 10.13181/mji.com.204572.
G.-P. Bala, R.-M. Rajnoveanu, E. Tudorache, R. Motișan, and C. Oancea, “Air pollution exposure — the (in) visible risk factor for respiratory diseases,” Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., pp. 19615–19628, 2021.
R. Yuliatmo and M. Udkhiyati, “Aplikasi Enzim Bakteri Pada Penyamakan Kulit: Review Dalam Pengolahan Kulit Mutakhir,” Semin. Nas. Teknol. Ind. Hijau 3, pp. 184–190, 2020.
A. M. Mohammed and I. A. Saleh, “A review of sulfur dioxide and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) in greater Cairo, Egypt,” Int. J. Biosens. Bioelectron., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 56–68, 2020, doi: 10.15406/ijbsbe.2020.06.00189.
I. Manisalidis, E. Stavropoulou, A. Stavropoulos, and E. Bezirtzoglou, “Environmental and Health Impacts of Air Pollution: A Review,” Front. Public Heal., vol. 8, pp. 1–13, 2020, doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00014.
X. Dong, X. Zhao, F. Peng, and D. Wang, “Population based Air Pollution Exposure and its influence factors by Integrating Air Dispersion Modeling with GIS Spatial Analysis,” Sci. Rep., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1–12, 2020, doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-57385-9.
P. M. Mannucci and M. Franchini, “Health Effects of Ambient Air Pollution in Developing Countries,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 14, no. 9, pp. 1–8, 2017, doi: 10.3390/ijerph14091048.
M. Filonchyk, V. Hurynovich, H. Yan, A. Gusev, and N. Shpilevskaya, “Impact assessment of covid-19 on variations of SO2, NO2, CO and AOD over East China,” Aerosol Air Qual. Res., vol. 20, no. 7, pp. 1530–1540, 2020, doi: 10.4209/aaqr.2020.05.0226.
C. Perrino et al., “Air Quality Characterization at Three Industrial Areas in Southern Italy,” Front. Environ. Sci., vol. 7, pp. 1–18, 2020, doi: 10.3389/fenvs.2019.00196.
C. Lavanya, R. Dhankar, S. Chhikara, and R. Soni, “Review Article Outdoor Air Pollution and Health: A Comprehensive Review,” Int. J. Recent Sci. Res., vol. 5, no. 7, pp. 1248–1255, 2014.
A. Masito, “Analisis Risiko Kualitas Udara Ambien (NO2 dan SO2) dan Gangguan Pernapasan Pada Masyarakat di Wilayah Kalianak Surabaya,” J. Kesehat. Lingkung., vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 394–401, 2018, doi: 10.20473/jkl.v10i4.2018.394-401.
A. L. Rantetampang, A. Maidin, M. F. Naiem, and A. Daud, “Sulfur Dioxide ( SO2 ) and Nitrogen Dioxide ( NO2 ) Indoor Honai Pollution in Wamena, Papua Province, Indonesia,” Int. J. Sci. Res. Publ., vol. 3, no. 11, pp. 1–6, 2013.
Alchamdani, “Paparan NO2 and SO2 terhadap Risiko Kesehatan Petugas Stasiun Pengisian Bahan Bakar Umum (SPBU) di Kota Kendari,” J. Kesehat. Lingkung., vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 319–330, 2019, doi: 10.20473/jkl.v11i4.2019.319-330.
G. Arista, E. Sunarsih, and R. Mutahar, “Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Paparan Nitrogen Dioksida (NO2) dan Sulfur Dioksida (SO2) pada Pedagang Kaki Lima di Terminal Ampera Palembang Tahun 2015,” J. Ilmu Kesehat. Masy., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 113–120, 2015.
R. Andriati, M. Z. Adha, and T. E. Z. Hadi, “The Analysis of Meteorological Factors and Ambient Air Quality (PM10, CO, SO2, NO2, and O3) with the Incidence of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) in Tangerang City, Indonesia During 2010-2019,” Int. J. Adv. Life Sci. Res., vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 7–14, 2021, doi: 10.31632/ijalsr.2021.v04i04.002.
S. Notoatmodjo, Metodologi Penelitian Kesehatan. Rineka Cipta, 2018.
Suwari, H. Z. Kotta, and P. Bhuja, “Environmental Health Risk Assessment of Nitrogen Dioxide Exposure To Ambient Air Pollution in Kupang City,” Int. J. Res. -GRANTHAALAYAH, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 252–258, 2020, doi: 10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i6.2020.519.
O. M. Morakinyo, M. S. Mukhola, and M. I. Mokgobu, “Ambient Gaseous Pollutants in an Urban Area in South Africa: Levels and Potential Human Health Risk,” Atmosphere (Basel)., pp. 1–14, 2020, doi: 10.3390/atmos11070751.
Direktur Jendral PP dan PL Kementerian Kesehatan, Pedoman Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan (ARKL). Jakarta, 2012.
R. Y. Irianto, A. Kusumayati, and Suyud, “Health Risk Assessment on Human Exposed of Nitrogen Dioxide in Adults Around Steel Industry,” Indian J. Public Heal. Res. Dev., vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 2465–2470, 2020, [Online]. Available: https://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&id=L2004449020&from=export.
S. Odat, “Study the Level of Air Pollution from Al Hassan Industrial Estate in Irbid-Jordan,” Int. J. Environ. Sci. Dev., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 29–34, 2021, doi: 10.18178/ijesd.2021.12.1.1314.
X. Zheng, P. Orellano, H. Lin, M. Jiang, and W. Guan, “Short-term exposure to ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulphur dioxide and emergency department visits and hospital admissions due to asthma: A systematic review and meta-analysis,” Environ. Int., vol. 150, pp. 1–11, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106435.
A. K. Singh and S. Deswal, “Effect of air pollution on Environment: A review,” Int. J. Emerg. Technol., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 344–349, 2017.
A. Gusti, “Health Risk Assessment of Inhalation Exposure to SO2 and NO2 Among Traders in a Traditional Market,” Public Heal. Indones., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 30–35, 2019, doi: 10.36685/phi.v5i2.253
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Afifa Katerina Juliadita, Khambali Khambali, Pratiwi Hermiyanti, John Peterson Myers
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlikel 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).