Analysis of Biological and Chemical Parameters in Alkaline Water of Various Brands in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35882/ijahst.v2i3.13Keywords:
Alkaline Water, Parameters, Microbiology, BiologyAbstract
Humans need drinking water in life and up to 70% of the human body is water. Consuming enough mineral water for the body can help the process to facilitate digestion, regulate metabolism, regulate food substances in the body and regulate body balance. 46.1% of adolescents from 1200 respondents studied when feeling thirsty prefer instant drinks compared to consuming mineral water, this causes mild dehydration with symptoms: dry lips up to the throat, body weakness. This study aimed to analyze the levels of biological and chemical parameters in alkaline water of various brands in Surabaya which were coded KW, M, P and T. This study was experimental with a post-test only control group design. The research data were statistically tested using one-way ANOVA with the aim of analyzing the levels of biological (E.Coli and MPN Coliform) and chemical (arsenic, fluoride and total chromium) parameters in alkaline water (KW, M, P, T). E.coli parameters in 4 types of alkaline water which were coded KW, M, P and T met the standard requirements, namely 0 colonies/100 ml. Chemical parameters namely arsenic met the requirements of 0-0.1 ppm, fluoride met the requirements of 0.01-1.5 ppm and total chromium met the requirements of 0.01-0.05 ppm. In accordance with the results of the examination, it is revealed that the process of making and producing alkaline water of various brands in the market under study are following the Good Food Production Methods (CPPB), thus there is no E. Coli and MPN Coliform content. Suggestions can be given to future researchers and the community; future researchers need to conduct further research on other brands of alkaline water in various areas with a wider range while the community needs to be more selective and smart in choosing alkaline water to be consumed to maintain a healthy body so they can benefit it at an affordable price
Downloads
References
S. E. Wulandari, "Utilization of Alkaline Water as An Alternative Complementary Therapy on Triglyceride Levels among Patients with Grade I Hypertension," International Journal of Nursing and Health Services (IJNHS), vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 662-671, 2020.
A. K. Thuy, "Development of Alkaline Reduced Water Using High-Temperature-Roasted Mineral Salt and Its Antioxidative Effect in RAW 264.7 Murine Macrophage Cell Line," Processes, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 1- 13, 2021.
L. S. K. P, "Alkaline water:the disease fighting water," World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 45-53, 2014.
T. H. G. N. N. K. S. T. K. F. B. G. W. S. I. S. S. Hamasaki, "Electrochemically reduced water exerts superior reactive oxygen species scavenging activity in HT1080 cells than the equivalent level of hydrogen- dissolved water," PLOS ONE, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 1-15, 2017.
S. V. Gajana, "Pharmacological Activity Investiogation of Alkaline Water A-Review," Journal Phamracological Scientict, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 88-91,
O. Robert, The pH miracle revised, USA: Grand Central Life & Style, 2014.
R. J. Kim, "Effects of Alkaline-Reduced Water on Gastrointestinal Diseases," Processes, vol. 10, no. 8, pp. 17-24, 2022.
R. B. G. Joseph, "Effect of electrolyzed high-pH alkaline water on blood viscosity in healthy adults," Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 74-80, 2016.
M. R. Logozzi, "In vivo antiaging effects of alkaline water supplementation," IJHNS, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 657-664, 2020.
M. N. W. K. D. Handayani, "The Effect of Combination Alkaline Water and Iron Tablets on Improving Hemoglobin Level among Adolescent," International Journal of Nursing and Health Services, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 615-621, 2020.
Henry, "Biological andTherapeutic Characteristics of Electrolyzed Reduced Alkaline Water (ERAW)," Physico-Chemica, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 2094-2115, 2013.
H. T. T. K. S. S, "Advanced research on the health benefit of reduced water,," Trends Food Sci Technol Elsevier Ltd, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 31-38, 2014.
W. N. M. M. T. H. K. T. H. K. J. K. S. I. S. Zhu, "Amelioration of cardio-renal injury with aging in dahl salt-sensitive rats by H2-enriched electrolyzed water," National Center of biotechnology Information, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 1-8, 2013.
R. &. G. T. Coffey, "Iron homeostasis: An anthropocentric perspective," Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 292, no. 3`, pp. 12727-12734, 2017.
R. J. K. L. K. Ignacio, "Clinical effect and mechanism of alkaline reduced water," Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, vol. 1, no. 20, pp. 94-97, 2015.
L. S. K. P, "Alkaline water:the disease fighting water," World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 45-53, 2014.
Sinya., The miracle of enzyme self-healing program, Bandung: 2012, PT. Mizan Pustala.
C. W. S. K. u. JR, "The biology of aging and cancer: a brief overview of shared and divergent molecular hallmarks," Aging Dis, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 628-635, 2017.
M. D. D. R. R. L. M, "Oral administration of fermented papaya (FPP®) controls the growth of a murine melanoma through the in vivo induction of a natural antioxidant response," International Journal Cancers, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 118-124, 2019.
J. J. Yillin, "Investigation on the Effects and Mechanisms of Alkaline Natural Mineral Watyer and Distilled Water on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcers In Vivo and In Vitr," Processes, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1-12, 2022.
A. T. M. Felippe, "The Search for the Elixir of Life On the Therapeutic Potential of Alkaline Reduced Water in Metabolic Syndromes," Processes, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 2-20, 2021.
T. H.-Y. L. S. W. N, "Supplementation of micronutrient selenium in metabolic diseases: its role as an antioxidant," Oxidat Med Cell Longev, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 1-13, 2017.
Y. H. Y. M. N. Saitoh, "Biological Oncology Research safety of neutral pH hydrogen enriched electrolyzed water upon mutagenicity, genotoxicity, and subchronic oral toxicity," Toxicology and Industrial Health, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 203-216, 2014.
S. H. T. T. K. Shirahata, "Advanced research on the health benefit of reduced water," Trends Foods Sciens Technology, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 124-131, 2012.
K. H. K. A. U. I, "The importance of boron in biological systems," J Trace Elem Med Biol , vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 156-162, 2018.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 fitri rokhmalia, pratiwi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlikel 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).