The Effect of Animated Video-Based Health Education on Mothers’ Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Stunting Prevention During the First 1000 Days of Life
Abstract
Stunting remains a major public health challenge, particularly in developing countries, because it negatively affects children’s physical growth, cognitive development, and future productivity. The first 1,000 days of life constitute a critical period for growth and development, during which nutritional deficiencies and inadequate maternal understanding of child health may increase the risk of stunting. Limited knowledge and unfavorable attitudes among mothers toward stunting prevention may hinder early preventive efforts. Therefore, effective educational interventions are needed to improve maternal awareness and promote positive health-related attitudes during this crucial period. This study aimed to determine the effect of animated video-based health education on mothers’ knowledge and attitudes regarding stunting prevention during the first 1,000 days of life. A quasi-experimental study with a pre-test–post-test control group design was conducted in the working area of the Sidotopo Wetan Health Center, Surabaya, Indonesia. A total of 44 respondents were selected using cluster sampling and divided into intervention and control groups. The independent variable was health education delivered through animated videos, while the dependent variables were mothers’ knowledge and attitudes toward stunting prevention. Data were collected using structured knowledge and attitude questionnaires. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test to assess within-group differences and the Mann–Whitney U Test to compare differences between groups. The findings revealed a statistically significant improvement in mothers’ knowledge and attitudes after receiving animated video-based health education on stunting prevention during the first 1,000 days of life (p < 0.05). Mothers in the intervention group demonstrated better post-test outcomes than those in the control group. In conclusion, animated video-based health education is effective in improving mothers’ knowledge and attitudes toward stunting prevention. This approach may serve as an engaging and practical educational strategy to strengthen maternal awareness and support early stunting prevention programs in community health settings.
Full text article
References
World Health Organization, UNICEF, and World Bank Group, “Joint child malnutrition estimates,” 2025. [Online]. Available: WHO Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates.
[2] A. Pettoello-Mantovani et al., “The first thousand days: nourishing the developing brain for a lifetime of mental well-being. Narrative review,” Global Pediatrics, vol. 13, Art. no. 100270, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.gpeds.2025.100270.
[3] Badan Pusat Statistik, Laporan Indeks Khusus Penanganan Stunting (IKPS) 2022–2023. Jakarta, Indonesia: BPS, 2024.
[4] Badan Kebijakan Pembangunan Kesehatan, Kementerian Kesehatan RI, Laporan Tematik Survei Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2023. Jakarta, Indonesia: BKPK, 2024.
[5] Badan Kebijakan Pembangunan Kesehatan, Kementerian Kesehatan RI, Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023 Dalam Angka. Jakarta, Indonesia: BKPK, 2024.
[6] Badan Kebijakan Pembangunan Kesehatan, Kementerian Kesehatan RI, Stunting di Indonesia dan Determinannya. Jakarta, Indonesia: BKPK, 2024.
[7] Dinas Kesehatan Kota Surabaya, Profil Kesehatan Kota Surabaya 2023. Surabaya, Indonesia: Dinas Kesehatan Kota Surabaya, 2023.
[8] Pemerintah Kota Surabaya, “Kasus stunting di Surabaya tinggal 1,6 persen, Wali Kota Eri optimis segera zero stunting,” 2024. [Online]. Available: Portal Resmi Pemerintah Kota Surabaya.
[9] Puskesmas Sidotopo Wetan, “Preliminary records of stunting and pre-stunting cases, January–May 2025,” unpublished local data, Surabaya, Indonesia, 2025.
[10] P. M. Putri, A. S. Shafira, and G. S. Mahardhika, “Stunting reduction strategy in Indonesia: maternal knowledge aspects,” The Indonesian Journal of Public Health, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 329–343, 2024, doi: 10.20473/ijph.v19i2.2024.329-343.
[11] F. Haryanti et al., “Maternal knowledge on nutritional-focused nurturing care and associated factors among women with stunted children aged 6–23 months in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: A cross-sectional study,” Belitung Nursing Journal, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 472–480, 2024, doi: 10.33546/bnj.3481.
[12] M. F. Ramadhan, H. Dimiati, Hidayaturrahmi, and R. Indah, “The correlation between stunting, maternal knowledge, and nutritional care in Aceh, Indonesia,” Amerta Nutrition, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 513–518, 2024, doi: 10.20473/amnt.v8i4.2024.513-518.
[13] S. I. Hermawan, D. I. Yani, H. Yulianita, and L. Rahayuwati, “Correlation mothers’ knowledge about stunting and exclusive breastfeeding behavior,” Journal of Nursing Care, vol. 6, no. 2, 2023, doi: 10.24198/jnc.v6i2.44398.
[14] M. R. Dewi, A. A. P. Wirawan, and A. Muslihah, “Determinants of stunting in urban and rural areas of Indonesia: A systematic review,” AcTion: Aceh Nutrition Journal, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 860–874, 2025, doi: 10.30867/action.v10i3.2690.
[15] S. Siramaneerat et al., “Examining determinants of stunting in urban and rural Indonesia: a multilevel analysis using the population-based Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS),” BMC Public Health, vol. 24, Art. no. 1371, 2024, doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-18824-z.
[16] Y. D. Purwani et al., “Determinants of childhood stunting in Central Java, Indonesia: The role of maternal mental health and child health history,” SAGE Open Pediatrics, vol. 12, 2025, doi: 10.1177/30502225251401695.
[17] S. Supadmi et al., “Factors related to stunting incidence in toddlers with working mothers in Indonesia,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 19, no. 17, Art. no. 10654, 2022, doi: 10.3390/ijerph191710654.
[18] I. Dwijayanti, A. Al Mamun, D. Setiarsih, M. Sulistyowati, and T. Mahmudiono, “Exploring global mothers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practice of complementary feeding: A scoping review,” Nutrition, vol. 120, Art. no. 112335, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112335.
[19] J. Tengkawan et al., “Improving knowledge, attitude, and practices of complementary feeding using practical intervention training for parents living in Central Lombok, Indonesia: A community-based study,” WHO South-East Asia Journal of Public Health, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 54–60, 2022, doi: 10.4103/WHO-SEAJPH.WHO-SEAJPH_336_20.
[20] E. M. M. Has, Nursalam, and Y. S. Arief, “Improving complementary feeding practice and child growth in Indonesia through family empowerment intervention,” Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, vol. 73, no. 2 Suppl., pp. S7–S12, 2023, doi: 10.47391/JPMA.Ind-S2-2.
[21] D. Simbolon and N. Putri, “Stunting prevention through exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia: A meta-analysis approach,” Amerta Nutrition, vol. 8, no. 1SP, pp. 105–112, 2024, doi: 10.20473/amnt.v8i1SP.2024.105-112.
[22] S. Pujari et al., “Effect of video-assisted educational intervention on improving knowledge, attitude and practice among mothers of children below five years on malnutrition: A systematic review,” Public Health, vol. 242, pp. 28–36, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2025.02.031..
[23] A. Haris, I. K. Swarjana, A. A. A. Y. Darmini, and N. M. S. Rahyanti, “The effectiveness of animated videos in health education: Improving knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors,” Journal of Nursing Care, vol. 9, no. 1, 2026, doi: 10.24198/jnc.v9i1.66263.
[24] R. D. Pratiwi, J. N. Azahra, F. Kasumawati, S. N. Romlah, and T. B. Sansuwito, “Effectiveness of health promotion through animation video on knowledge and attitudes in stunting prevention among mothers in the Baduy Tribe,” Window of Health: Jurnal Kesehatan, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 346–355, 2025, doi: 10.33096/woh.vi.2681.
[25] N. D. Oktarina and F. Wijayanti, “Health education using videos to increase mothers’ knowledge about stunting prevention in the first 1000 days of a child’s life,” Journal of Integrated Health Research, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 33–39, 2025, doi: 10.70109/jinher.v1i2.9.
[26] F. S. Kusumarini, I. N. T. Komalyna, Tapriadi, and I. D. N. Supariasa, “Differences in mother’s knowledge, energy consumption, and protein in stunted toddlers between nutrition education with video media and without video media in Purwodadi Village, Blimbing District, Malang City,” Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia (MPPKI), vol. 7, no. 8, pp. 2192–2202, 2024, doi: 10.56338/mppki.v7i8.5698.
[27] Fathinatusholihah, E. Destarianiy, R. Efriani, D. Simbolon, and E. Wahyuni, “Pengaruh video animasi dan e-leaflet terhadap perilaku deteksi dini stunting,” Jurnal SAGO Gizi dan Kesehatan, vol. 5, no. 3A, pp. 811–819, 2024, doi: 10.30867/gikes.v5i3A.1777.
[28] R. Astriani, D. Sutinbuk, and F. Rizkiah, “Pengaruh penyuluhan menggunakan media video tentang stunting terhadap pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan ibu balita,” Masker Medika, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 420–431, 2023, doi: 10.52523/maskermedika.v11i2.586.
[29] A. Kinasih and C. A. N. Afifah, “Eduting (Edukasi Stunting) dengan media video untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap ibu balita di Desa Ngepung Kabupaten Nganjuk,” Nutrizione: Nutrition Research and Development Journal, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 66–75, 2024.
[30] N. Burah, S. Reski, D. R. Wahyunigrum, and J. Cahyono, “The effectiveness of nutrition education about stunting using video media on the knowledge and attitudes of mothers of toddlers,” Journal of Health and Nutrition Research, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 74–82, 2024, doi: 10.56303/jhnresearch.v3i1.202.
[31] S. Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, 3rd ed. Bandung, Indonesia: Alfabeta, 2022.
[32] I. K. Swarjana, Metodologi Penelitian Kesehatan: Edisi Terbaru. Yogyakarta, Indonesia: Penerbit Andi, 2023.
[33] A. Roebianto, S. I. Savitri, I. A. Syaiful, A. Suciyana, and L. Mubarokah, “Content validity: Definition and procedure of content validation in psychological research,” TPM-Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 5–18, 2023, doi: 10.4473/TPM30.1.1.
[34] R. Astriani, D. Sutinbuk, and F. Rizkiah, “Pengaruh penyuluhan menggunakan media video tentang stunting terhadap pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan ibu balita,” Masker Medika, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 420–431, 2023, doi: 10.52523/maskermedika.v11i2.586.
[35] D. Ningrum, D. K. Setiadi, A. P. Sejati, and R. N. Fauziyah, “The influence of animation video-based education on mothers’ knowledge about animal protein to prevent stunting in toddlers,” Jurnal Riset Kesehatan Poltekkes Kemenkes Bandung, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 238–251, 2024, doi: 10.34011/juriskesbdg.v16i1.2411.
[36] A. D. Laksono, R. D. Wulandari, N. Amaliah, and R. W. Wisnuwardani, “Stunting among children under two years in Indonesia: Does maternal education matter?,” PLOS ONE, vol. 17, no. 7, Art. no. e0271509, Jul. 2022, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271509.
[37] B. Dewi, Z. Dewi, and N. W. Hariati, “Pengaruh edukasi gizi dengan media animasi terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap ibu tentang stunting,” Jurnal Riset Pangan dan Gizi (JR-PANZI), vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 14–25, 2023, doi: 10.31964/jr-panzi.v5i1.178.
[38] D. Ningrum, D. K. Setiadi, A. P. Sejati, and R. N. Fauziyah, “Pengaruh pendidikan berbasis media video animasi terhadap pengetahuan ibu tentang protein hewan untuk mencegah balita stunting,” Jurnal Riset Kesehatan Poltekkes Depkes Bandung, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 238–251, 2024, doi: 10.34011/juriskesbdg.v16i1.2411.
[39] Armiyanti and B. Hanim, “Efektivitas video kesehatan terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap ibu tentang stunting di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Bangeko Kanan,” Zona Kebidanan, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 95–105, Aug. 2024, doi: 10.37776/zkeb.v14i3.1490.
[40] S. A. Andayani, E. Hasim, and N. E. C. Dewi, “The Effect of Web-Based Education on Mother’s Knowledge and Attitudes in Stunting Prevention,” Journal of Nursing Care, vol. 7, no. 2, Aug. 2024, doi: 10.24198/jnc.v7i2.54015.
[41] A. F. Athiyyah, I. G. M. R. Ranuh, A. Darma, K. R. Sumitro, B. Budiyanto, M. Irawan, S. C. Susianto, S. Z. T. Thirafi, S. Yasmine, and S. M. Sudarmo, “Community-Based Health Education for Improving Maternal Knowledge of Childhood Stunting and Gastrointestinal Disorders in Rural Bondowoso, Indonesia,” Indonesian Journal of Community Engagement, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 167–171, Sep. 2025, doi: 10.22146/jpkm.100888.
[42] S. Andriyani, A. Sulastri, L. A. Fitriana, D. Darmawan, A. L. Perdani, T. D. Safariah, N. Malisa, T. H. Putri, and H. S. Mediani, “Effectiveness of a Precede–Proceed Model-Based Health Promotion Intervention on Evaluating Changes In Mothers’ Knowledge of Stunting Prevention in Indonesian Communities,” Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, vol. 18, pp. 8249–8256, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S541443.
[43] A. Setiawan, S. B. Syamsir, D. C. Rahmadiyah, Astuti, L. Atamou, R. Talilah, and S. Shorey, “Effects of family-based nursing interventions on mothers’ knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy related to stunting prevention in Indonesia: A quasi-experimental study,” International Journal of Nursing Sciences, early access, Feb. 09, 2026, doi: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2026.02.008.
Authors
Copyright (c) 2026 Margaretha Angelia Prajogo, Irine Christiany, Endah Suprihatin, Mohammad Najib
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlikel 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).